magazines+and+books

=**BOOK**= A **book** is a set or collection of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of paper, parchment , or other material, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an e-book. Books may also refer to a literature work, or a main division of such a work. In library and information science, a book is called a monograph , to distinguish it from serial periodicals such as magazine, journals or news papers. The body of all written works including books is literature. 1 - belly band 2 - Flap 3 - End paper 4 - book cover 5 - Top edge 6 - Fore edge 7 - Tail edge 8 - Right page, recto 9 - Left page, verso 10 - Gutter = = =**History of books**= When writing systems were invented in ancient civilization, nearly everything that could be written upon—stone, clay, tree bark, metal sheets—was used for writing. Alphabetic writing emerged in Egypt around 1800 BC. At first the words were not separated from each other (//scripta continua//) and there was no punctation. Texts were written from right to left, left to right, and even so that alternate lines read in opposite directions. The technical term for this type of writing is 'boustophedon,' which means literally 'ox-turning' for the way a farmer drives an ox to plough his fields.

=**Uses of books**=

Aside from the primary purpose of reading them, books are also used for other ends:
 * A book may be studied by students as the subject of a writing and analysis exercise in the form of a book report.
 * A book may be evaluated by a reader or professional writer to create a book review.
 * A book may be read by a group of people to use as a spark for social or academic discussion, as in a book club.
 * A book can be an artistic artifact; this is sometimes known as an artist's book.
 * Books are sometimes used for their exterior appearance to decorate a room, such as a study.

=**Magazine**= Magazines, periodicals or serials arepublications, generally published on a regular schedule, containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising, by a purchase price, by pre-paid magazine subsctriptions, or all three.

History
//The gentleman's magazine//, first published in 1731, in London, is considered to have been the first general-interest magazine. Edward Cave, who edited //The Gentleman's Magazine// under the pen name "Sylvanus Urban", was the first to use the term "magazine", on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied //materiel//, originally derived from the Arabic //makazin// "storehouses". The oldest consumer magazine still in print is //The Scots Magazine//, which was first published in 1739, though multiple changes in ownership and gaps in publication totalling over 90 years weaken that claim. Lloyd's List was founded in Edward Lloyd’s England coffee shop in 1734; it is still published as a daily business newspaper.

=**Main issues**= The main Social and Ethical Issues on book is Globalization.